Citation Guide 

Books

Example

One author

(p. 248)

Fairbanks, C. (1986). Prairie women: images in American and Canadian fiction. New Haven:  Yale University Press.

Two to five authors

(p. 248)

Davidson, W., Sweeney, D., & Stampfl, R. (1988). Retailing management (6th ed.). New York: Wiley.

More than six authors

(p. 248)

Do not use an ampersand (&) before the sixth author’s name, and add “, et al.” after the sixth author’s name.

No author or editor

(p. 249)

New York Public Library American history desk reference. (1997). New York: Macmillan.

Anthology or compilation

(p. 249)

Feldman, P. (Ed.). (1997). British women poets of the Romantic era. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Two editors

(p. 249)

Larson, G. S., & Pepper, G. (Eds.). (1998). How to read a book (2nd ed.). New York: Sage.

Work in an anthology

(p. 252)

Shutte, N., & Tangley, L. (2000). Problem Drinkers Can Learn Moderation. In J. A. Hurley (Ed.), Addiction: opposing viewpoints (pp. 93-100). San Diego: Greenhaven.

Encyclopedia article

(p. 254)

MacMahon, J. A. (2001). Desert ecosystems. In Encyclopedia of biodiversity (Vol. 2, pp. 37-59). San Diego: Academic Press.

Articles

Example

Magazine articles

(p. 240)

(Do not abbreviate months.)

(The first article below is from a weekly magazine; the second is from a monthly magazine.)

Mathews, J. (2005, May 16). How to build a better high school. Newsweek, 145, 52-57.

Wright, K. (2003, March). The first earthlings. Discover, 24, 24-25.

Journal article with continuous paging

(p. 240)

(Continuous pagination means that pages are numbered continuously throughout each annual volume; if the first issue ends on page 174, the first page of the second issue will be 175. This example is from the 19th issue of volume 294.)

Cnattingius, S., Torrang, A., Ekbom, A., Granath, F., Petersson, G., & Lambe, M. (2005) Pregnancy characteristics and maternal risk of breast cancer.  JAMA, 294,2474-2480.

Journal article with issues paged separately

(p. 240)

(Each issue begins on page 1. This example is from the 4th issue of volume 50.)

Albada, K. F. (2000) The public and private dialogue about the American family on television. Journal of communication, 50(4), 79-110.

Encyclopedia article

(p. 254)

Civil disobedience. (2004). In The encyclopedia Americana. Danbury, CT: Scholastic Library Publishing.

Mohanty, Jitendra N. (1998). Indian philosophy. In The new encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropaedia. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Newspaper article

(p. 243)

Harris, N. (2002, March 27).  Airports in the throes of change. Wall Street Journal, p. B1.

Elections could change the game for contractors. (2008, September 15). Washington Post, p. D2.

Electronic Source

Example

Online book

(Electronic, p. 10)

Ambler, T., & Witzel, M. (2000). Doing business in China. London: Routledge. Retrieved from ebrary database.

Magazine article from a subscription service

(p. 279)

Kluger, J. (1996, February).  Dr. Sigmund Doolittle. Discover, 17(2), 84. Retrieved September 23, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Journal article from a subscription service

(p. 279)

Lappan, G. (1999). Revitalizing and refocusing our efforts. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 30, 568-78. Retrieved September 23, 2008, from Academic OneFile database.

Thompson, M. D., Riggs, R. O. (2000, Spring). Institutional expenditure patterns and the facilitation of mission. Community College Review, 27(4), 1-15. Retrieved September 23, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database.

Newspaper article from a subscription service

(p. 279)

Olson, E. (2005, December 14). Something new: A 4-year degree at a 2-year college. New York Times. Retrieved September 23, 2008, from National Newspapers database.

Encyclopedia  article or work in anthology from a subscription service

(Electronic, p. 15)

Howard, L. (1987). Zora Neale Hurston. In T. Harris (Ed.), Dictionary of literary biography: Afro-American writers from the Harlem Renaissance to 1940. Retrieved August 15, 2007, from Literature Resource Center database.

Website

(p. 223; Electronic, p. 23)

Bio. (2008). Retrieved October 1, 2008, from http://www.biography.com

Article on website

(Electronic, p. 23)

Musinsky, G. (1998). Animal spirits. Encyclopedia Mythica. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from http://www.pantheon.org/animal-spirits.html

Nonprint Source

Example

Interview

(p. 214)

Personal communications, such as interviews, are not included in the reference list. They are cited only in the text; for example:

(Prince, L., personal communication, April 25, 2008)

Videotape or DVD

(p. 266)

Collins, M. (Writer/Producer), & Wolfinger, K. (Director). (2002). Bioterror. [Motion picture]. United States: WGBH Boston Video.